behaviorism+&+conditioning

**Behavorism:** Argues that conditioning is the best way for humans to learn and all of our thoughts are a result from conditioning. **Nature-based theory**; Argues against Darwin and genetic theories. The mind/body is refered to as a "__blank slate__" or "__blank box__ ." Conditioning ** : A **response to an event** that is changed or **learned by consequences**. __ Examples of conditioning __: **__Positive and negative reinforcement__:** - Positive: Adding something to increase a response. Ex: Saying "good job" and giving praise for a job well done. - Negative: Taking something away in order to increase a response. Ex: Punishing a child for doing poorly on a test.
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__**Pavlov's Dog**:__ - Would salivate because before Pavlov gave his dog the meat powder, Pavlov would sound a tiny bell. - After three chimes of the bell and feeding afterwards, the dog began to salivate at the chime of the bell without actually seeing or recieving the meat powder because he now anticipated that he would get the food.

__**Skinner's Box: (Rat in a cage)**__ -**The Skinner Box** was set up to work so a **lab rat would hit a lever** and **a pellet would come out** (positive reinforcement). The rat saw that if it pulled the lever, food would come out. From that point on, the rat **knew what to do** and **consistently repeated it**. When **Skinner added electric shock to the experiment,** it caused the **rat discomfort**, but once the rat hit the lever, the shocking stopped. Through **negative conditioning**, the rat learned to get it's food.


 * The rat had to learn to find the lever and receive it's reward on its own, unlike Pavlov's dog, who had a stimulus (Pavlov) that influenced the dog.

__Conditioning in schools__**: Teachers **giving rewards** to a student who did well on a test is an example of **positive conditioning** in school. A **negative reinforcement** in school would be **taking away** recess from a student who failed a test.


 * //-Rat in a Cage -Pavlov's dog//**